SCI 발표논문

SCI 발표논문

← SCI 발표논문 목록

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(42):59868-59880.

The impact of organic extracts of seasonal PM2.5 on primary human lung epithelial cells and their chemical characterization.

, , , , , , ,

제1저자 박지은, 이경희 · 교신저자 허정배, 유철규

PMID 34148195 PMC8541986 DOI 10.1007/s11356-021-14850-1 IF 4.223 호흡기내과
소속 (7)
  1. Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  2. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
  3. Busan Development Institute, 955 Jungangdae-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47210, Korea. jongbaeheo@gmail.com.
  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  5. Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  6. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. cgyoo@snu.ac.kr.
  7. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. cgyoo@snu.ac.kr.

Abstract

Lung epithelial cells serve as the first line of defense against various inhaled pollutant particles. To investigate the adverse health effects of organic components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in Seoul, South Korea, we selected 12 PM2.5 samples from May 2016 to January 2017 and evaluated the effects of organic compounds of PM2.5 on inflammation, cellular aging, and macroautophagy in human lung epithelial cells isolated directly from healthy donors. Organic extracts of PM2.5 specifically induced neutrophilic chemokine and interleukin-8 expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Moreover, PM2.5 significantly increased the expression of aging markers (p16, p21, and p27) and activated macroautophagy. Average mass concentrations of organic and elemental carbon had no significant correlations with PM2.5 effects. However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes were the most relevant components of PM2.5 that correlated with neutrophilic inflammation. Vegetative detritus and residential bituminous coal combustion sources strongly correlated with neutrophilic inflammation, aging, and macroautophagy activation. These data suggest that the chemical composition of PM2.5 is important for determining the adverse health effects of PM2.5. Our study provides encouraging evidence to regulate the harmful components of PM2.5 in Seoul.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Keywords

CytokineLung epithelial cellsMacroautophagyOrganic compoundsPM2.5Senescence

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 The effects of PM2.5 on cell viability in lung epithelial cells. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to V.C .or PM2.5 organic compounds (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2%) for 24 h. MTT (a) and LDH release assays (b) were performed. Data are presented as the mean ± SE. **p < 0.05
Fig. 2
Fig. 2 The effects of PM2.5 on cytokine production in BEAS-2B cells. a BEAS-2B cells were treated with V.C. or PM2.5 organic compounds (1%) for 24 h. b Cells were incubated with various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2%) of V.C. or PM2.5 for 24 h. The levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, -IL-17, bFGF, and VEGF) in culture media were measured by a multiplex bead assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SE. **p < 0.05. c BEAS-2B cells were treated with V.C. or PM2.5 (1%) for the indicated times. Total cellular extracts were subjected to western blot analysis for p-ERK, ERK, and GAPDH. Densitometry analysis was performed using Scion image software. d Cells were pretreated with U0126 (4 μM) for 2 h and then stimulated with V.C. or PM2.5 organic compounds (1%) for 24 h in the presence or absence of U0126. The level of IL-8 in media was measured by a multiplex bead assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SE. **p < 0.05
Fig. 3
Fig. 3 The effects of PM2.5on the expression of aging and macroautophagy markers in BEAS-2B cells. Cells were exposed to V.C. or PM2.5 organic compounds (1%) for 24 h. Total cell lysates were extracted and then subjected to western blot analysis for p16, p21, p27, LC3B, and GAPDH. Densitometry analysis was performed using Scion image software
Fig. 4
Fig. 4 The effects of PM2.5 on ERK activation and IL-8 production in primary HAECs. Primary HAECs (n = 6) were exposed to V.C. or PM2.5 organic compounds (1%) for 24 h. Total cell lysates were extracted and then subjected to Western blot analysis for p-ERK, ERK, and GAPDH (a). Densitometry analysis using Scion image software for p-ERK. Blots were normalized to GAPDH expression (b). The IL-8 concentration in the cell culture media was measured using a multiplex bead assay (n = 5) (c). Data are presented as the mean ± SE. **p < 0.05
Fig. 5
Fig. 5 The effects of PM2.5 on the expression of aging and autophagy markers in primary HAECs. Primary HAECs (n = 6) were exposed to V.C. or PM2.5 organic compounds (1%) for 24 h. Total cell lysates were extracted and then subjected to Western blot analysis for p16, p21, p27, LC3B, and GAPDH (a). Densitometry analysis using Scion image software (b). Data are presented as the mean ± SE. **p < 0.05
Fig. 6
Fig. 6 PM2.5 mass concentrations and concentrations of organic compounds. a PM2.5 mass concentrations and OC and EC concentrations in twelve samples. b Concentrations of organic compounds, including PAHs, n-alkanes, alkylcyclohexanes and isoprenoids, and hopanes
Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Results of the molecular marker of CMB source apportionments for the twelve samples. a Source contribution estimates of the four sources. b Percent contributions to OC of the four sources
Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Correlation matrix between four sources and ERK activation, IL-8 production, and the expression levels of aging/macroautophagy markers (VegDet: vegetative detritus, GasMV: gasoline motor vehicles, RSBT: residential bituminous coal combustion)

그림 출처: PubMed Central 공개 논문 (PMC8541986)

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

그 밖의 정보
출판 형태
Journal Article
저널
Environmental science and pollution research international · eISSN 1614-7499
전자 출판
2021-06-20
MeSH
Air Pollutants* / analysis · Environmental Monitoring · Epithelial Cells · Humans · Lung / chemistry · Particulate Matter / analysis · Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons* / analysis · Seasons
Substances
Air Pollutants · Particulate Matter · Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
연구비
National Strategic Project-Fine particle NRF-2017M3D8A1092019 · National Research Foundation of Korea NRF-2019R1A2C2007484 · Seoul National University Hospital grant 03-2019-0430
참고문헌
62편